feat(x86_64): add PVH boot support

[mkroening]

This PR adds PVH boot support directly to the kernel. This allows the kernel to be booted in QEMU, Firecracker, and Cloud Hypervisor directly, without the loader.

The pvh crate was successfully published.

Depends on:

• feat: add loader feature and make hermit-entry optional #2546
• feat: make loader and uhyve non-default features #2645
• refactor(xtask): use CARGO_ENCODED_RUSTFLAGS for hermit-rs #2646

Closes #2373.

[github-actions]

Benchmark Results

Details

Benchmark	Current: ac92773	Previous: 2e23902	Performance Ratio
startup_benchmark Build Time	92.14 s	80.34 s	1.15 ❗
startup_benchmark File Size	0.78 MB	0.80 MB	0.98 ❗
Startup Time - 1 core	1.27 s (±0.05 s)	0.75 s (±0.02 s)	1.71 ❗
Startup Time - 2 cores	1.30 s (±0.02 s)	0.74 s (±0.02 s)	1.77 ❗
Startup Time - 4 cores	1.31 s (±0.02 s)	0.74 s (±0.02 s)	1.77 ❗
multithreaded_benchmark Build Time	92.33 s	82.11 s	1.12 ❗
multithreaded_benchmark File Size	0.88 MB	0.86 MB	1.03 ❗
Multithreaded Pi Efficiency - 2 Threads	65.80 % (±6.08 %)	85.89 % (±6.61 %)	0.77 ❗
Multithreaded Pi Efficiency - 4 Threads	40.55 % (±3.04 %)	43.43 % (±2.56 %)	0.93
Multithreaded Pi Efficiency - 8 Threads	20.03 % (±1.50 %)	25.76 % (±1.53 %)	0.78 ❗
micro_benchmarks Build Time	216.37 s	80.40 s	2.69 ❗
micro_benchmarks File Size	0.89 MB	0.86 MB	1.03 ❗
Scheduling time - 1 thread	194.18 ticks (±35.25 ticks)	62.65 ticks (±4.06 ticks)	3.10 ❗
Scheduling time - 2 threads	120.49 ticks (±16.23 ticks)	34.08 ticks (±4.10 ticks)	3.54 ❗
Micro - Time for syscall (getpid)	10.65 ticks (±5.52 ticks)	3.45 ticks (±0.58 ticks)	3.09 ❗
Memcpy speed - (built_in) block size 4096	59087.60 MByte/s (±41917.32 MByte/s)	82448.38 MByte/s (±56997.13 MByte/s)	0.72
Memcpy speed - (built_in) block size 1048576	14304.21 MByte/s (±12365.49 MByte/s)	30585.98 MByte/s (±24707.84 MByte/s)	0.47
Memcpy speed - (built_in) block size 16777216	12008.83 MByte/s (±10045.07 MByte/s)	26340.06 MByte/s (±21720.96 MByte/s)	0.46
Memset speed - (built_in) block size 4096	59337.60 MByte/s (±42107.78 MByte/s)	82292.76 MByte/s (±56891.50 MByte/s)	0.72
Memset speed - (built_in) block size 1048576	14698.39 MByte/s (±12607.14 MByte/s)	31323.85 MByte/s (±25145.86 MByte/s)	0.47
Memset speed - (built_in) block size 16777216	12425.77 MByte/s (±10342.20 MByte/s)	27104.68 MByte/s (±22209.94 MByte/s)	0.46
Memcpy speed - (rust) block size 4096	55073.83 MByte/s (±38928.99 MByte/s)	74097.96 MByte/s (±51811.44 MByte/s)	0.74
Memcpy speed - (rust) block size 1048576	14710.76 MByte/s (±12222.13 MByte/s)	30361.60 MByte/s (±24602.37 MByte/s)	0.48
Memcpy speed - (rust) block size 16777216	12402.07 MByte/s (±10353.01 MByte/s)	27625.34 MByte/s (±22806.88 MByte/s)	0.45
Memset speed - (rust) block size 4096	55748.98 MByte/s (±39408.28 MByte/s)	74373.47 MByte/s (±51976.48 MByte/s)	0.75
Memset speed - (rust) block size 1048576	15001.32 MByte/s (±12368.03 MByte/s)	31110.89 MByte/s (±25033.24 MByte/s)	0.48
Memset speed - (rust) block size 16777216	12774.58 MByte/s (±10602.94 MByte/s)	28386.93 MByte/s (±23265.03 MByte/s)	0.45
alloc_benchmarks Build Time	210.08 s	74.76 s	2.81 ❗
alloc_benchmarks File Size	0.86 MB	0.87 MB	0.98 ❗
Allocations - Allocation success	91.35 %	91.31 %	1.00 ❗
Allocations - Deallocation success	100.00 %	100.00 %	1
Allocations - Pre-fail Allocations	61.55 %	61.44 %	1.00 ❗
Allocations - Average Allocation time	17528.94 Ticks (±1264.26 Ticks)	5860.58 Ticks (±98.43 Ticks)	2.99 ❗
Allocations - Average Allocation time (no fail)	18494.18 Ticks (±1456.71 Ticks)	6554.81 Ticks (±92.86 Ticks)	2.82 ❗
Allocations - Average Deallocation time	3469.53 Ticks (±1242.04 Ticks)	1805.01 Ticks (±250.35 Ticks)	1.92 ❗
mutex_benchmark Build Time	210.41 s	79.82 s	2.64 ❗
mutex_benchmark File Size	0.89 MB	0.86 MB	1.03 ❗
Mutex Stress Test Average Time per Iteration - 1 Threads	35.54 ns (±6.37 ns)	12.10 ns (±0.41 ns)	2.94 ❗
Mutex Stress Test Average Time per Iteration - 2 Threads	33.54 ns (±7.93 ns)	40.26 ns (±1.68 ns)	0.83

This comment was automatically generated by workflow using github-action-benchmark.