Implement EIP-8037: "State Creation Gas Cost Increase" - #1672
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## master #1672 +/- ##
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- Coverage 98.00% 97.85% -0.15%
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Files 180 182 +2
Lines 16288 16474 +186
Branches 3736 3771 +35
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+ Hits 15963 16121 +158
- Misses 247 260 +13
- Partials 78 93 +15
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Introduce the Amsterdam two-dimensional gas model: state-creation costs move out of regular gas into a separate state-gas dimension, priced at COST_PER_STATE_BYTE (1530) per byte of new state. - evmc: add `state_gas` to the message and `state_gas_left`/`state_gas_spilled` to the result, threading a per-frame state-gas reservoir through the VM. - StateGas (state_gas.hpp): a (reservoir-left, spilled) pair. Charges draw from the reservoir first and spill into regular gas_left; refunds refill in LIFO order; a frame's net use derives as `initial - left + spilled`. Frames roll their state gas back on revert/halt (make_execution_result). - Charges at state-creation sites: new account by CREATE/CREATE2 (at the deployment-address access), by value-CALL — including the depth-0 value-transfer charge the EIP-2780 decomposition later builds on — and by SELFDESTRUCT to a new beneficiary (NEW_ACCOUNT = 120 bytes); SSTORE 0->non-zero slot allocation (64 bytes, with the 0->Y->0 LIFO refill; the regular set cost drops to its 2900 component); code deposit per byte. Failed creations refund the charge. Opcode CREATE and the create transaction keep the legacy 32000 execution cost here: EIP-8037 defers its execution component to EIP-8038's CREATE_ACCESS, and EIP-8038 states that the flat GAS_CREATE is what CREATE_ACCESS replaces, so the reprice lands with it. - Transaction processing: execution gas splits into a regular budget (capped by TX_MAX_GAS_LIMIT - intrinsic) and the state-gas reservoir. Amsterdam lifts the Osaka per-tx gas cap; validation instead caps the regular intrinsic and applies the per-dimension block-inclusion rules against the new block state-gas budget. - Block accounting: per-tx receipts carry regular/state components; block gas_used = max(sum_regular, sum_state) (EIP-7778 2D formula). - System calls get a separate 16-SSTORE state-gas reservoir so the state dimension cannot OOG them. The intrinsic cost otherwise keeps the pre-Amsterdam formula; the EIP-2780 resource decomposition lands separately. The EIP-7702 per-authorization state charges (AUTH_BASE and the authority's NEW_ACCOUNT) are not part of this commit: they are only expressible through the top-frame charging model that the EIP-2780 intrinsic decomposition introduces, so they land with it. The intrinsic keeps the pre-Amsterdam formula here. Includes the state-gas unit tests and the GAS_ALLOWANCE_EXCEEDED / BlockException.GAS_USED_OVERFLOW acceptance, which exists because the per-dimension inclusion checks keep an over-block-gas transaction a transaction-level rule.
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🟡 Changes recommended
The mocked host mishandles a valid zero state-gas result, and important meter, system-call, and block-accounting coverage is missing.
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Pull request overview
Implements EIP-8037’s Amsterdam two-dimensional execution/state-gas model across EVMC, VM execution, transaction processing, and block accounting.
Changes:
- Adds state-gas reservoirs, spilling, refilling, and frame rollback.
- Charges state creation for accounts, storage, and deployed code.
- Adds dimensional validation, receipts, block accounting, and tests.
File summaries
| File | Description |
|---|---|
test/utils/test_state.hpp |
Extends transition helper API. |
test/utils/test_state.cpp |
Forwards the state-gas budget. |
test/utils/statetest_runner.cpp |
Supplies the statetest state-gas budget. |
test/utils/error_matching.cpp |
Adds gas-overflow exception mapping. |
test/utils/block_transition.cpp |
Implements dimensional block accounting; needs nonzero state-gas aggregation coverage. |
test/unittests/state_tx_test.cpp |
Updates validation calls. |
test/unittests/state_transition.hpp |
Adds expected state-gas fields. |
test/unittests/state_transition.cpp |
Verifies receipt state gas. |
test/unittests/state_transition_eip8037_test.cpp |
Adds EIP-8037 transition tests. |
test/unittests/state_transition_create_test.cpp |
Updates deployment gas limits. |
test/unittests/CMakeLists.txt |
Registers new tests. |
test/state/transaction.hpp |
Adds gas dimensions to transaction properties and receipts. |
test/state/system_contracts.cpp |
Adds the system-call state reservoir; boundary coverage is missing. |
test/state/state.hpp |
Extends the transaction validation API. |
test/state/state.cpp |
Implements validation, gas splitting, and settlement. |
test/state/host.cpp |
Implements account and code state charging. |
test/state/account.hpp |
Adds an account-liveness helper. |
lib/evmone/state_gas.hpp |
Defines reservoir accounting; focused boundary tests are needed. |
lib/evmone/instructions.hpp |
Adds child merging and SELFDESTRUCT charging. |
lib/evmone/instructions_storage.cpp |
Implements SSTORE state gas. |
lib/evmone/instructions_calls.cpp |
Implements CALL/CREATE state gas. |
lib/evmone/execution_state.hpp |
Tracks and returns frame state gas. |
lib/evmone/constants.hpp |
Defines EIP-8037 costs. |
evmc/include/evmc/mocked_host.hpp |
Propagates mocked state gas, but incorrectly overloads zero as default behavior. |
evmc/include/evmc/evmc.hpp |
Exposes result fields in C++. |
evmc/include/evmc/evmc.h |
Extends ABI structures and bumps the ABI. |
Review details
Suppressed comments (3)
lib/evmone/state_gas.hpp:31
- The new consensus-critical meter has no direct unit coverage: the added transition tests do not exercise atomic charge failure, a mixed reservoir/spill charge, LIFO refill, or
repay_spill()after a child refund. Please add focused boundary tests for these operations so pool-conservation regressions are caught independently of transaction plumbing.
[[nodiscard]] bool charge(int64_t& gas_left, int64_t cost) noexcept
test/state/system_contracts.cpp:80
- The referenced
system_contract_reaches_gas_limittest is not present in the repository, leaving the new consensus-visible 16-SSTORE reservoir unverified. Add an Amsterdam system-call regression that exercises this exact reservoir boundary (and the behavior immediately beyond it), rather than documenting a test that does not exist.
/// Cap on the number of SSTOREs a system contract may fund out of its state-gas budget. The value
/// is observable: `system_contract_reaches_gas_limit` sizes a contract to exactly
/// `30M + SYSTEM_MAX_SSTORES_PER_CALL × STORAGE_SET_STATE_GAS` (EIP-8037).
constexpr int64_t SYSTEM_MAX_SSTORES_PER_CALL = 16;
test/utils/block_transition.cpp:123
- No block test exercises this new two-dimensional aggregation with nonzero state gas; the existing EIP-7778 tooling test uses only a storage clear, whose state component is zero. Add a multi-transaction Amsterdam case with differing regular/state components so it distinguishes
max(sum_regular, sum_state)from summing per-transaction maxima and verifies both remaining-dimension checks.
// The block's 2D gas formula (EIP-7778).
const auto block_gas_used = std::max(sum_regular_gas, sum_state_gas);
- Files reviewed: 26/26 changed files
- Comments generated: 1
- Review effort level: Balanced
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| // A zero state_gas_left means "the callee consumed the caller's whole reservoir". | ||
| // The mock runs no code, so echo the reservoir it was handed unless a test set one. | ||
| if (result.state_gas_left == 0) | ||
| result.state_gas_left = msg.state_gas; |
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Implement EIP-8037: "State Creation Gas Cost Increase"
Introduce the Amsterdam two-dimensional gas model: state-creation costs move
out of regular gas into a separate state-gas dimension, priced at
COST_PER_STATE_BYTE (1530) per byte of new state.
state_gasto the message andstate_gas_left/state_gas_spilledto the result, threading a per-frame state-gas reservoir through the VM.
from the reservoir first and spill into regular gas_left; refunds refill in
LIFO order; a frame's net use derives as
initial - left + spilled. Framesroll their state gas back on revert/halt (make_execution_result).
deployment-address access), by value-CALL — including the depth-0
value-transfer charge the EIP-2780 decomposition later builds on — and by
SELFDESTRUCT to a new beneficiary (NEW_ACCOUNT = 120 bytes); SSTORE
0->non-zero slot allocation (64 bytes, with the 0->Y->0 LIFO refill; the
regular set cost drops to its 2900 component); code deposit per byte.
Failed creations refund the charge. Opcode CREATE and the create
transaction keep the legacy 32000 execution cost here: EIP-8037 defers its
execution component to EIP-8038's CREATE_ACCESS, and EIP-8038 states that
the flat GAS_CREATE is what CREATE_ACCESS replaces, so the reprice lands
with it.
by TX_MAX_GAS_LIMIT - intrinsic) and the state-gas reservoir. Amsterdam
lifts the Osaka per-tx gas cap; validation instead caps the regular
intrinsic and applies the per-dimension block-inclusion rules against the
new block state-gas budget.
block gas_used = max(sum_regular, sum_state) (EIP-7778 2D formula).
dimension cannot OOG them.
The intrinsic cost otherwise keeps the pre-Amsterdam formula; the EIP-2780
resource decomposition lands separately.
The EIP-7702 per-authorization state charges (AUTH_BASE and the authority's
NEW_ACCOUNT) are not part of this commit: they are only expressible through
the top-frame charging model that the EIP-2780 intrinsic decomposition
introduces, so they land with it. The intrinsic keeps the pre-Amsterdam
formula here.
Includes the state-gas unit tests and the GAS_ALLOWANCE_EXCEEDED /
BlockException.GAS_USED_OVERFLOW acceptance, which exists because the
per-dimension inclusion checks keep an over-block-gas transaction a
transaction-level rule.